Paternal smoking cessation before pregnancy reduces the risk of spontaneous abortion: a population-based retrospective cohort study
J Epidemiol Community Health
•
December 25, 2025
Fathers quitting smoking lowers miscarriage risk
When fathers stopped smoking before conception, miscarriage risk was lower than if they kept smoking. *Population-based retrospective cohort study; Level 2b (OCEBM).
- Level of evidence
- Level 2b (OCEBM)
- DocG quality score
- 5.6 / 10
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